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Tim Gaiser, Master Sommelier

Advice for Students Taking the Certified Sommelier Examination

2/4/2014

15 Comments

 
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The Certified Sommelier Examination was introduced in December of 2005. Previously, students who passed the MS Introductory examination could apply directly to the Advanced Course after waiting the required years’ time.  More often than not, first time students did poorly on the Advanced Exam for any number of reasons. Each student is unique so the three parts of the examination will always pose different challenges to different individuals. Historically the major challenge was the service exam where the combination of lack of appropriate preparation for dealing with nerves—sometimes extreme—in an audition situation doomed most first timers. Exceptions to the rule usually came in the form of students who were working the floor of upscale restaurants where they performed service to MS standards night in and night out, and who were also used to the pressure of being “on stage” in a top level venue.

Several years prior to 2005, the CMSA Board had discussed the possibility of an intermediate level between the Introductory and Advanced Courses; a level that would accomplish several goals: first, to provide the hospitality industry with a much-needed basic sommelier certification; second, to introduce students to the three-part MS examination format; third, to give us a first look at their individual service skills.

Between 2004 and 2005 a team of Masters from the CMSA created the Certified Sommelier Examination with the help of UK and European Masters. After beta-testing, the exam went live at the end of 2005. While the content has changed from year to year, the format of the exam has remained basically the same:

  • Theory: a 40-question written test combining multiple choice, short answer, and matching questions.
  • Tasting: a blind tasting of two wines, one white and one red, with the student filling out a grid based on the MS Deductive Tasting Method.
  • Service: sparkling wine service with students being asked questions about various beverages that might be served during the course of a meal as well as questions about food and wine pairing. 

Since that first exam in 2005, the Certified Sommelier Examination has, to a great extent, accomplished its goals. With that, I’d like to offer some advice to students who are preparing to take the Certified Exam, especially those taking it for the first time. 

Disclaimer! The following is my personal advice to students and in no way a reflection of the policies of the CMSA or its Board of Directors.

Theory Examination

The CMSA philosophy of theory curriculum has a lot to do with what a sommelier theoretically could be asked tableside by a guest about any beverage served in the restaurant. Emphasis is placed on wine, but beer, spirits, sake, and aperitifs are important as well. Therefore, it’s important to realize that geography is vital to a sommelier’s body of knowledge; knowing where a wine is produced down to a single vineyard (if necessary) is paramount to success in the MS program.

Example: if a guest is asking about a vintage of Savennières “Clos de la Coulée de Serrant” from the producer Nicholas Joly, the sommelier/student should know the following about the wine:

  • It’s a dry white wine.
  • It’s made from the Chenin Blanc grape.
  • The Coulée de Serrant vineyard is located in the Anjou region of France’s Loire Valley, specifically in the AOP of Savennières.
  • The Coulée de Serrant vineyard is actually an AOP itself.
Further, if the guest asks about the biodynamic symbol on the bottle, the sommelier/student should be able to explain what it means and also provide some information about the philosophy of biodynamics, how it can affect wine quality, and some growers/producers that farm biodynamically in other regions of the world—all without burying the guest in a mountain of useless and confusing verbiage.

Once again, it’s important to note that MS theory exams focus on geography and being able to connect grape varieties to styles of wines made in specific geographical locations. From there students also need to study country and regional laws, classifications, terms about grape growing and winemaking, and major producers for important wines such at prestige cuvée Champagne.

Tasting Examination

The Certified tasting examination consists of tasting a white and a red wine and filling out a written grid based on the Deductive Tasting Method, which is first taught in the Introductory Sommelier Class. The grid requires the student to input information concerning a wine’s aromas and flavors, the presence of minerality and/or earthiness, and the use of oak. Further, the grid asks that students assess the structural components of the wines; the levels of residual sugar, acidity, alcohol, the finish, and tannin in the red wine. Finally, the student is asked to deduce the best possible conclusion about the wine, which includes the climate in which the grapes were grown, Old World vs. New World style, the actual grape variety or blend of grapes, the country of origin, and the vintage of production. 

It goes without saying that a good deal of practice is needed to become proficient at using the grid, not to mention tasting in general. The good news is that the grid can be downloaded for practice from the CMSA website at any time (here). The grape varieties used in the exam for both white and red wines are listed on the grid so the student can focus his or her tasting practice. Otherwise, here is further advice in preparing for the Certified tasting exam:

A word about practicing tasting: make sure you are working in a tasting group as the dynamics of a good study group are essential to learning and improvement, not to mention the camaraderie and shared experience. 

Finally, I’ve written about tasting and preparing for the MS tasting exams extensively on my blog. I’ve found that smelling and tasting wine is completely based on one’s memory; not only the memory of the various aromatics and flavors in wine but the combination of these components that make up the complete profile of a grape or style of wine. If memory is the key, then students can—and absolutely should—work with their own personal memories of these components and varietal profiles apart from actually tasting wine. I strongly believe that practicing memory of the components and profiles of grapes and wines is just as important and beneficial as actually tasting them. 

Service Examination

The MS title is about being a world-class sommelier and thus service and working the floor are the essence of what we do. The service component is also important to an employer in terms of wanting to know if a potential hire knows the basics of correct service and can open a bottle of sparkling wine without inflicting bodily injury to themselves or those in the immediate vicinity. Safety is key in sparkling wine service. There are any number of ways to open a bottle of bubbly incorrectly—even dangerously—but only one way to do it right. Here are some vital pointers to do just that:

Mise-en-Place—Setting Up:

  • Fold two—and ONLY two—serviettes for service. One will be used for opening the bottle and the other will be left on the bucket tableside if a bucket is used for service. In other words, don’t fold all the napkins on the service station.
  • Make sure the glassware is clean and polished. 
  • Always line the tray with an unfolded cloth napkin; no fancy origami folds as they result in an uneven surface almost guaranteeing you’ll lose glassware in a spectacular fashion.
  • Place the glassware consistently at each cover; at the point of the knife is the most straight forward method.
  • Place glassware starting with the host or the person to the host’s left. Placing glassware is NOT gender specific so one trip around the table will suffice.
  • Place two under-liners or coasters to the right of the host, one for the cork and the other for the bottle, if the host decides to keep the bottle on the table.

Opening the Bottle:

  • Never take the top of your hand off the bottle when opening. This is utterly crucial to opening the bottle safely and properly. BEFORE loosening the cage, place a folded serviette over the top of the bottle. Then with a firm grip over the serviette and top of the bottle, loosen the wire cage and slowly remove the cage and cork at the same time by twisting the bottom of the bottle back and forth. Remember: the cage is NEVER removed before the cork. 
  • Watch where you’re pointing the bottle when opening. Don’t point the bottle at the table or anyone else in the vicinity. Doing so is dangerous and cause for major deductions on your score.
  • Always place a serviette over the top of the bottle when opening. As mentioned above, use a serviette over the top of the bottle when opening to prevent spilling any wine if the cork exits the bottles suddenly and tragically.
  • Open the bottle as quietly as possible. A no-brainer. This is proper wine service and not the end of a Formula One race. Opening bottles of sparkling wine quietly is a matter of practice and repetition.
  • Wipe the bottle with your serviette after you’ve removed the cork before pouring a taste for the host.
  • Present the cork to the host on an underliner which is placed to the host’s right.

Serving the Bottle:

  • Hold the bottle with a still wine grip. Do NOT hold the bottle with your thumb in the punt of the bottle when pouring; this method does not provide enough control and stability and the odds of dropping or losing control of the bottle increase significantly.
  • After presenting the cork pour a 1-to-1.5 ounce taste for the host. Wait for them to approve the wine and then serve the table in the following order: serve lady guests first and then men. If there is a guest of honor seated to the right of the host, serve them first before lady guests. Serve the host last regardless of gender.
  • Fill the glasses at least ½ to ¾ glass full with a maximum pour of an inch below the top of the glass.
  • Fill the glasses one at a time with a maximum of two pours for each glass; partial pouring and/or going around the table multiple times is not allowed.
  • Make sure the pours are even!
  • Gage the pour level/amount based on glass size and number of glasses to be poured so you don’t run out of wine.
  • It’s not necessary to empty the entire bottle of wine; in fact, there should be a little wine left in the bottle.

General Service Points

  • Remember to serve from the right and to move around the table clockwise—ALWAYS—even if just returning to the service station.
  • Don’t reach across a guest’s space to place or clear glassware or serve wine--even if the chair is empty.
  • PRACTICE CARRYING A TRAY. This is the one part of service that cannot be faked. If you don’t regularly work with a tray, lots of practice will be needed for an exam setting. Odds are you will be nervous. Practice!
  • You should be able to carry a tray comfortably with either hand. However, proper service dictates that the tray should be carried in the left hand and glassware placed with the right hand.

Service Exam Theory:

  • Work on major cocktails, aperitifs, and after dinner spirits. Study cocktails and aperitifs by category, i.e., vodka cocktails, gin cocktails etc.
  • Food and wine pairing: Have specific wine recommendations with producer and vintage in mind.
  • Be able to take a specific style—be it a high acid red wine or a white with residual sugar—to multiple places in the wine world.   
  • Above all, know why the pairing works! Be able to explain why a wine works well with a specific dish in terms of the structural components of the wine (i.e., high acidity, lack or oak or smooth tannins). It’s the entire point of selling a specific wine with a certain dish. 

General Service Advice:

  • Taking care of the table is paramount. Even though you’re in an exam setting, remember that you are a sommelier and your job is to take care of the table—NO MATTER WHAT HAPPENS. In a real life service situation you do not have the luxury of freaking out or giving up on a table or “failing.” Your job again is to take care of the guest and give them great service. The exam should be no different. Take care of the examiner(s) as you would any guest in your restaurant. To do so will translate into success. 
15 Comments
Ryan mullins
2/5/2014 09:24:40 pm

Tim,

This will be incredibly helpful for man of my friends who are taking the exam in the next few month. Our gratitude for sharing your wisdom!

Ryan

Reply
Nestor Penuela
3/11/2014 11:49:01 am

Tim, this article was very helpful in increasing my understanding of deductive tasting. As well as the proper table side service. My restaurant has been closed for more than 2 months now for renovation and concept change. So this was very helpful to get me back in the swing of things and with new and profound knowledge of how to properly execute wine service. My biggest question at this moment is being able to find a local tasting group in my city. I live in Houston, TX and I remember you mentioning at the intro sommelier class (3/08-3/09) about it. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks so much!

Reply
Tim Gaiser
3/11/2014 12:37:31 pm

Hi Nestor, thanks for your note and comments--much appreciated. Suggest you contact Kathleen Lewis (klewis@mastersommeliers.org) to see who has a tasting group going in Houston. She should be able to help. Otherwise, let me know if you have any specific questions about studying for the exam. Best of luck.

Reply
Brian matulis
3/24/2015 07:33:24 am

Tim,
I'm taking the certified Friday and you site hase been a great review. Just one question on opening. I noticed after watching an m.s. Video that the base of the bottle was on the table while cutting capsule and loosening cage/ or using corkscrew. Is this expected or is off table acceptable. Just wondering because I feel more comfortable off table, but will switch if this is incorrect

Reply
Tim Gaiser
3/24/2015 08:30:05 am

Hi Brian, thanks for reading. Placing the bottle on the table is acceptable but the preferred method of removing the cage is to hold the bottle in hand the entire time including removing the cork.

Reply
john
9/8/2015 10:54:33 pm

if you are taking this for the first time, do not get worked up to the point of a mental break down. i've known a few people to spill a tray of champagne glasses during the test, and they still passed. breathe, relax, understand that you belong there.

Reply
Tim Gaiser
9/9/2015 11:23:56 am

John, good point--but don't drop the glassware if you can help it. If something like a spill or drop does happen keep working as you mention. As examiners, we're very aware of how a student responds after a miscue happens. Thanks for reading!

Reply
Lionel
9/14/2015 03:24:12 pm

Hi Tim, if a guest in a restaurant orders a wine from you with an incorrect pronunciation, do you repeat the order the way the guest ordered it or do you repeat it the correct way?
Thank you.

Reply
Tim Gaiser
9/15/2015 10:37:16 am

Lionel, great question! Obviously the most important thing is not to offend/irritate the guest—but to communicate about the wine as accurately as possible. The best thing to do would be to politely repeat the name of the wine exactly the way the guest has pronounced it and then say, "I'm sorry but I’m not familiar with that wine. I do know a __________ (correct pronunciation of the wine). Could that be the same wine?” That should bridge the gap without offending the guest.

Reply
Jason Forbes
4/29/2016 02:01:27 pm

Hi, Tim. Thanks for directing me to your blog. This info is very helpful. The Alto Adige seminar in Chicago was great too.

Reply
Tim Gaiser
4/29/2016 04:44:09 pm

Jason, good seeing you. Glad you enjoyed the blog. Let me know if you have any questions about exam prep. Best of luck!

Reply
Karina Cisneros
11/6/2016 06:25:16 pm

Great article! I take my exam Tuesday morning and couldn't be more excited! Wish me luck! ;)

Reply
Tim Gaiser
11/7/2016 05:50:11 am

Hi Karina, thanks for reading. Best of luck with your exam!

Reply
tom
2/22/2020 02:16:29 am

ok

Reply
Japanese Plum Wine link
2/24/2020 05:59:19 am

This is one of the best wine blogs I have ever seen. I will be expecting more blogs like this one.

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